Forgiveness is a deliberate and voluntary process in which a victim experiences a change in feelings and attitudes about an offense, releasing negative emotions such as retaliation, with an increased ability to expect the offender well. Forgiveness is different from forgiving (failing to see action as wrong and needing forgiveness), forgiving (not holding off the perpetrator as being responsible for actions), forgetting (removing awareness of violation from consciousness), forgiving (given for the acknowledged violations by community representatives, such as judges) , and reconciliation (restoration of relationships).
In certain contexts, forgiveness is a legal term for exempting or submitting all claims on accounts of debts, loans, liabilities, or other claims.
As a psychological and benevolent concept, the benefits of forgiveness have been explored in religious thought, social sciences and medicine. Forgiveness can be regarded only in the case of a forgiving person including forgiving himself, in the case of a forgiven person or in the relationship between the giver and the forgiven. In most contexts, forgiveness is given without hope of restorative justice, and without the response of the offender (eg, one can forgive someone who does not communicate or die). In practical terms, it may be necessary for the offender to offer some form of acknowledgment, apology, or even just ask forgiveness, so that the disadvantaged person is confident they can forgive.
The dimension of social and political forgiveness involves a very personal and religious sphere of "forgiveness." The idea of ​​"forgiveness" is generally considered unusual in politics. However, Hannah Arendt considers that the "forgiveness faculty" has its place in public affairs. Philosophers believe that forgiveness can liberate resources both individually and collectively in the face of irreparable things. During an investigation in Rwanda on the discourse and practice of forgiveness after the 1994 genocide, sociologist BenoÃÆ'¡t Guillou described the extreme polysemy of the word "forgiveness" but also a very important political character of the idea. With the conclusion of his work, the authors propose four prominent figures of forgiveness for a better understanding, on the one hand, using ambiguity and, on the other hand, conditions in which forgiveness can mediate the resumption of social relationships.
Most of the world's religions include the doctrine of the nature of forgiveness, and many of these teachings provide an underlying foundation for many varied traditions and modes of pardon. Some religious doctrines or philosophy place greater emphasis on the human need to find some kind of divine forgiveness for their own shortcomings, others put more emphasis on the need for people to practice forgiveness for one another, yet others make little or no distinction between human beings. and divine forgiveness.
Video Forgiveness
Research
While there is currently no consensus for the psychological definition of forgiveness in the research literature, agreement has emerged that forgiveness is a process and a number of models that describe the process of forgiveness have been published, including one from a radical behavior perspective.
Dr. Robert Enright of the University of Wisconsin-Madison founded the International Forgiveness Institute and is considered the initiator of the study of forgiveness. He developed the 20 Step Remission Process Model. Recent work focuses on what kind of people are more likely to forgive. A longitudinal study shows that people who are generally more neurotic, angry, and hostile in life are less likely to forgive others despite the long past. In particular, these people are more likely to still avoid their offenders and wish to impose a retaliation on them two and a half years after the offense.
Studies show that forgiving people are happier and healthier than those who have hatred. The first study to look at how forgiveness improves physical health finds that when people think about forgiving offenders it leads to an increase in function in their cardiovascular and nervous systems. Another study at the University of Wisconsin found that the more people who forgive, the less they suffer from various diseases. The less forgiving person reports more health problems.
Dr. Fred Luskin of Stanford University, and author of "Learning to Forgive" presents evidence that forgiveness can be studied on a research project into the effect of forgiveness, providing empirical validity to the concept that forgiveness is not only strong. , but also very good for your health is presented with the Forgiveness Champion of the Worldwide Forgiveness Alliance on the Day of Forgiveness (First Week of August) for the forgiveness of his teaching as a living skill.
In three separate studies, including one with Catholic and Protestant from Northern Ireland whose family members were killed in political violence, he found that people who were taught how to forgive became less angry, less painful, more optimistic, became more forgiving in various situations , and become more compassionate and confident. His studies showed a decline in stress experience, physical manifestations of stress, and increased vitality.
Maps Forgiveness
Religious view
Abrahamic
Judaism
In Judaism, if someone causes danger, but then sincerely and honestly apologizes to the aggrieved individual and tries to correct the error, the aggrieved individual is encouraged, but not needed, to grant forgiveness:
- "It is strictly forbidden to let oneself be calmed, but one should be easy to calm down and get angry When asked by an actor to forgive, one must forgive a sincere thought and a sincere spirit... forgiveness is natural for descendants of Israel. "(Mishneh Torah, Teshuvah 2:10)
In Judaism, one must go to those who have been harmed in order to be entitled to forgiveness. [People who sincerely apologize three times for having committed themselves to others have fulfilled their obligation to seek forgiveness. (Shulchan Aruch) OC 606: 1] This means that in Judaism one can not obtain forgiveness from God because of the wrong that the person does to others. This also means that, unless the victim forgives the offender before he dies, the killing is unforgivable in Judaism, and they will answer to God for it, even though the families of the victims and friends can forgive the murderers for the sadness they cause. Meditation Tefila Zaka , read just before Yom Kippur, closes with the following:
- "I know that no one is so pious that they do not make mistakes against others, financially or physically, through deeds or utterances.This hurts me inside me, because of the mistakes between people and others they are not redeemed by Yom Kippur, until the disadvantaged has been put down.Because of this, my heart breaks in me, and my bones vibrate, for even the day of death does not atone for such sins.that I bow down and plead before You, to have mercy on me, and grant me grace, mercy, and mercy in your eyes and in the eyes of all people, for behold, I forgive with the final pardon and it is decided whoever has persecuted me, whether personally or property, even if they slander me, or spread lies against me, so I release anyone who has hurt me either directly or in the property, or has done everything ala sorts of sins others can commit [except for a legally enforceable business obligation, and except for someone who has deliberately hurt me with the thought 'I can harm him because he will forgive me']. Except for these two men, I fully and ultimately forgive everyone; hope no one is punished for me. And just as I forgive everyone, so may You give me grace in the eyes of others, that they also forgive me completely. "[Emphasis added]
So the "gift" to forgive others is not God's forgiveness for the mistakes committed to others, but rather helps in getting forgiveness from others.
Sir Jonathan Sacks, the Chief Rabbi of the Commonwealth Commonwealth Hebrew Congregation, sums up: "It is not a God who forgives, while humans do not, instead we believe that only God can forgive sins against God, so only man can forgive sins against men.
The Jews observed the Day of Redemption Yom Kippur on the day before God made a decision on what would happen during the coming year. Just before Yom Kippur, the Jews would apologize to those who had done wrong during the previous year (if they had not). During Yom Kippur itself, the Jews fasted and prayed for the Lord's forgiveness for the violations they committed against God in the previous year. Sincere repentance is required, and once again, God can only forgive one for the sins one has committed against God; this is why it is important for the Jews to seek forgiveness from those whom they have sinned.
Christianity
Forgiveness is central to Christian ethics and is often a topic in sermons and theological works. It is considered a Christian duty to forgive unconditionally:
In the New Testament, Jesus speaks of the importance of forgiving Christians or showing compassion for others. Jesus uses the parable of the unmerciful servant (Matthew 18: 21-35) to say that we should forgive indefinitely. The Parable of the Prodigal Son is probably the most famous parable of forgiveness and refers to God's forgiveness for His people.
In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus repeatedly spoke of forgiveness, "Blessed are the merciful, for they shall be shown mercy." Matthew 5: 7 (NIV) "Therefore, if you offer your gift on the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift there before the altar: first go and make peace with your brother; offer your gift. "Matthew 5: 23-24 (NIV)" And when you stand praying, if you hold something against anyone, forgive him, that your Father in heaven may forgive your sins. " Mark 11:25 (NIV) * "But I say to you, whoever hears me: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who cursed you, pray for those who persecute you. , go back to him the other too. "Luke 6: 27-29 (NIV)" Kindly be merciful, just as your merciful Father. " Luke 6:36 (NIV) "Do not judge, and you will not be judged, do not condemn, and you will not be condemned." I'm sorry, and you will be forgiven. " Luke 6:37 (NIV)
Elsewhere, it is said, "Then Peter came to him and said," Lord, how often did my brother sin against me, and I forgive him? Up to seven times? "Jesus said to him," I am not saying to you, up to seven times, but up to seventy times seven. "Matthew 18: 21-22 (NKJV)
Jesus asks God's forgiveness for those who crucified Him. "And Jesus said, 'Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they do.'" Luke 23: 34 (ESV)
Consider Mark 11:25 above, and Matthew 6: 14-15, who follow Our Father's Prayer, "For if ye forgive men sinners against you, your heavenly Father will forgive you, but if you do not forgive sins man, your Father will not forgive your sins. "Forgiveness is not an option for Christians, but must be forgiven to become Christians.
Benedict XVI, during a visit to Lebanon in 2012, emphasized that peace should be based on mutual forgiveness: "Only forgiveness, given and accepted, can lay a lasting foundation for universal reconciliation and peace".
Islam
Islam teaches that God is Al-Ghaffur "The Forgiving One", and is the original source of all pardons ( ghufran
(...) God forgives what has passed: for repetition God will repay his punishment. Because of Allah Ta'ala, and Lord of Judgment.
Islam recommends forgiveness, because God rewards forgiveness. There are many verses in the Quran and Hadiths recommending forgiveness. However, Islam also allows revenge for the damage done, but forgiveness is recommended, with the promise of reward from God.
Compensation for injury is an injury equivalent to it (in degrees): but if one forgives and makes reconciliation, the reward is due to God: for (Allah) does not like those who do wrong.
Afw (??? is another term for pardon in Islam; it occurs 35 times in the Quran, and in some Islamic theology studies, it is used alternately with ghufran . > Afw means forgiving, forgiving mistakes or violations According to Muhammad Amanullah, the pardon ('Afw') in Islam comes from three wisdoms First and the most important wisdom of forgiveness is that he is merciful When the victim or guardian receives money, not the revenge, the second wisdom of forgiveness is that it improves the honor and prestige of the forgiving person.Application is not a sign of weakness, insult or disrespect, forgiveness is an honor, raising the benefit of the money-giving in the eyes of God, and allowing a rewarder to enter The third wisdom of forgiveness is that according to some experts, such as al-Tabari and al-Qurtubi, the forgiveness of sins ( kaffarah ) The author of the sins they might have committed at other times in life. Forgiveness is a form of charity ( sadaqat ). Forgiveness comes from taqwa (piety), the quality of the people who fear God.
BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ' Faith
In the Book of Bahá¡'ÃÆ', this explanation is given of how to forgive others:
"Love beings for God's sake and not for themselves You will never be angry or impatient if you love them for God's sake Humanity is not perfect There is imperfections in every human being, and you will always be unhappy if you see towards the people themselves, but if you look towards the Lord, you will love them and be kind to them, because the world of God is a world of perfection and full pity.Therefore, do not look at anyone's lack;. "
- `Abdu'l-BahÃÆ'¡, The Promulgation of Universal Peace , p. 92
Asia
Buddhism
In Buddhism, forgiveness is regarded as a practice to prevent harmful thoughts from causing one's mental deterioration. Buddhism recognizes that hate and pain will leave a lasting effect on the karma of our mind. On the contrary, Buddhism encourages the planting of the mind leaving a healthy effect. "In contemplating the law of karma, we realize that it is not a matter of taking revenge but practicing mett and forgiving, because the victim is, really, the most unfortunate." When hatred has arisen, the Buddhist view is calmly proceeding to liberate them by returning to their roots. Buddhism centers on the release of delusions and suffering through meditation and receives insight into the nature of reality. Buddhism challenges the reality of the passion that makes the necessary forgiveness and the object reality of the passions. "If we have not been forgiven, we continue to create an identity around our pain, and that's what's born again.
Buddhism places much emphasis on the concept of Mett? (love), karuna (love), mudita (sympathetic joy), and upekkh? (inner balance), as a means of avoiding hatred in the first place. This reflection is used to understand the context of suffering in the world, both our own and the suffering of others. Hinduism
In the Vedic literature and epic Hinduism, Ksama or Kshyama (Sanskrit: ?????) and fusion words based on it, explain the concept of forgiveness. The word kamaama is often combined with kripa (softness), power (goodness) and karuna (????? , merciful) in Sanskrit texts. At Rg Veda, forgiveness is discussed in verses dedicated to the god Varuna, both contexts of people who have done wrong and those who are oppressed. Forgiveness is considered one of the six major virtues in Hinduism.
The theological basis for forgiveness in Hinduism is that an unforgiving person brings with them the content of false memories, negative feelings, anger and unresolved emotions that affect their present and future. In Hinduism, not only must forgive others, but one should also seek forgiveness if someone has done wrong to others. Forgiveness must be sought from the aggrieved, as well as society in general, by charity, purification, fasting, ritual and meditative introspection.
The concept of forgiveness is further perfected in Hinduism by rhetorically contrasting it in feminine and masculine forms. In the feminine form, a form of forgiveness is described through Lakshmi (called Dewi Sri in parts of India); another form is described in a masculine form through her husband Vishnu. Feminine Lakshmi forgave even when the wrongdoers do not repent. Masculine Vishnu, on the other hand, forgives only when the wrong people repent. In Hinduism, the feminine forgiveness given without conversion by Laskmi is higher and nobler than the masculine forgiveness that is given only after conversion. In the Hindu epic Ramayana, Sita - the wife of King Rama - is symbolically praised for forgiving the crow even though it hurt her. Later in the Ramayana epic, he was repeated again for forgiving those who abused him when he was kidnapped in Lanka. Many other Hindu stories deal with forgiveness with or without repentance.
The concept of forgiveness is treated inconsistently in the extensive debate of Hindu literature. In some Hindu texts, certain sins and deliberate acts of natural debate are inexcusable; for example, murder and rape; these ancient scholars argue whether clerical blanket morality is justified in every circumstance, and whether forgiveness encourages evil, disrespect, social disorder and people do not take you seriously. Another ancient Hindu text highlights that forgiveness is not the same as reconciliation.
Forgiveness in Hinduism does not necessarily require a person to make peace with the offender, nor to override reconciliation in some situations. In contrast, forgiveness in Hindu philosophy is compassionate, gentle, kind-hearted, and releases pain or injury caused by someone or something else. Forgiveness is very important for a person to break free of negative thoughts, and be able to focus on a happy life with ethics and ethics (life
Other epics and ancient literature Hinduism addresses forgiveness. As an example:
Truth is the only supreme good, forgiveness is the only peace, knowledge is one of highest satisfaction, and virtue, the only happiness.
Jainism
In Jainism, forgiveness is one of the main virtues that Jains need to cultivate. K? am? pan? or the highest forgiveness is part of one of the ten characteristics of dharma . In Jain's Prayer, (pratikramana ) Jain repeatedly seeks the forgiveness of various creatures - even from ekindriyas or single creatures who feel like plants and microorganisms that they might be disadvantaged at eating and doing routine activities. Forgiveness requested by saying a sentence, Micch? Mi dukka? A ?. Micch? Mi dukka? A? is a Prakrit language phrase that literally means "may all evil have done without success." During samvatsari - the last day of the Jain festival paryusana - Jain uttered the phrase < i> Micchami Dukkadam after pratikraman . As a matter of ritual, they personally greet their friends and family micch? Mi dukka? A? searching for their forgiveness. No personal arguments or arguments can be made outside the samvatsari, and letters and phone calls are made to friends and relatives outside the building to apologize.
Pratikraman also contains the following prayers:
Kh? have savva-j? ve savvÃÆ' Â «jive khamantu aku/
beri aku savva-bh? esu, kan? mejjha na ke? avi//
(I apologize to all beings, may all beings forgive me.
May I have friendship with all beings and enmity with nothing.)
In daily prayer and they, Jains read Iryavahi sutra seeking forgiveness of all beings while engaging in routine activities:
I hope you, O Dear! Voluntarily allows me. I would like to admit the sin of my sin that is done while walking. I respect your permission. I want to break free from sinful actions by admitting it. I am looking for forgiveness of all living creatures that I may have tormented when walking, coming and going, stepping on living organisms, grains, green grass, dew drops, hills, moss, living water, live earth, spider webs and other -lain. I seek forgiveness of all these living beings, be them - one feels, two feels, three feels, four feels or five feels. What I might have kicked, covered with dust, rubbed with the ground, collided with others, overturned, tortured, scared, shifted from place to place or killed and deprived of their lives. (By claiming) â € <â €
Jain's text quotes M? Hav? Ra about forgiveness:
By practicing pr? Yes? Citta (repentance), a spirit removes sin, and does not commit offense; he is the true practicing pr? yes? citta get street and gifts from the road, he won the prize of good behavior. By apologizing, he gets the happiness of mind; thereby obtaining a good disposition of all kinds of living things; by this kind of disposition he gets the purity of character and freedom from fear.
- M? Hav? Ra d Uttar? Dhyayana S? Tra 29: 17-18
Even the code of ethics among the monks requires monks to apologize for all offenses:
If among the monks or nuns there is an argument or dispute or dispute, the young monk should ask for forgiveness from the boss, and the superior of the young monk. They should forgive and apologize, soothe and feel at ease, and speak without hindrance. To him that is calmed, there will be success (in control); for him that is not appeased, there will be no success; therefore one must satisfy oneself. 'Why is this said, sir? Peace is the essence of monasticism '.
- Kalpa S? tra 8:59
More
Ho? oponopono
Ho? Oponopono is an ancient Hawaiian reconciliation and forgiveness practice, combined with prayer. Similar forgiveness practices are conducted on islands throughout the South Pacific, including Samoa, Tahiti and New Zealand. Traditionally Ho? Oponopono practiced by the healing minister or kahuna lapa? Au among family members of someone who is physically ill. The modern version is done in the family by the family elder, or by the individual only.
Popular identifier
The need to forgive is widely acknowledged by the public, but they often lose the way to achieve it. For example, in a large representative sample of Americans on various religious topics in 1988, the Gallup Organization found that 94% said it was important to forgive, but 85% said they needed outside help to be forgiving. However, even ordinary prayers are not found to be effective.
The doctrine of forgiveness is a blessing, so even if one can not complete the process of forgiveness they can still show mercy, especially when so many mistakes are made out of weakness rather than hate. The Gallup poll revealed that the only effective thing is "meditative prayer".
Forgiveness as a tool has been widely used in the restorative justice program, after the abolition of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of apartheid (South Africa), ran for Rwandan genocide victims, violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Northern Ireland conflict, , Beyond Right and Wrong: Stories of Justice and Forgiveness (2012).
Forgiveness In Relationship
Forgiveness in marriage is an important aspect of marriage. When two individuals are able to forgive each other, the result is a happy marriage. Forgiveness can help prevent problems from the future of married couples.
In a 2005 study, researchers were interested in whether forgiveness is important in marital relations or if forgiveness is unimportant? When does forgiveness usually increase? Does it increase before arguments or after arguments? Does forgiveness take on a role when someone breaks an appointment? Researchers found six components related to forgiveness in marriage and explained how each relates to forgiveness. The six components are: Satisfaction, Ambivalence, Conflict, Attribution, Empathy and Commitment.
The researchers give an idea of ​​forgiveness in marriage and how individuals in a relationship believe that if forgiveness arises then you must forget what has happened. In addition, on the basis of interventions and recommendations, researchers begin to see how important it is for forgiveness in a relationship and how it can lead to a happy and healthy relationship.
In a 2005 study, the researchers mentioned that when couples forgive their partners, they sometimes need help from professionals to overcome their pain that might be left behind. The researchers also described the difference between how individuals perceive situations based on who is in pain and who causes pain. Also how the couple reacts to the situation based on their feelings and how they personally respond to the situation.
Model of amnesty:
"The forgiveness model of Enright has received empirical support and sees forgiveness as a journey through four phases" which are:
- Unravel the phases : Emphasizes on exploring the pain experienced by individuals.
- Decision stage : The nature of forgiveness is discussed. Also the person does that they will try to forgive their partner
- Work phase : shifts the focus to the offender in an effort to gain insight and understanding.
- The deepening phase : the victim moves toward resolution, becomes aware that they are not alone, have become recipients of the forgiveness of others, and find meaning and purpose in the process of forgiveness.
Furthermore, when married couples argue they tend to focus on who is right and who is wrong. Also couples tend to focus on who proves other errors that can cause more problems and can aggravate the problem as it will make it harder to forgive each other.
Recommendations and interventions:
The researchers also came up with recommendations for practitioners and interventions to help married individuals about how to communicate with each other, how to solve problems and how to make it easier to forgive each other. Some marriage interventions of forgiveness have been a great success. It encourages forgiveness and makes the couple happier together.
Some of the recommendations given to practitioners are that people should seek and understand what forgiveness is meant before initiating any intervention because the pre-existing idea of ​​forgiveness can cause problems with couples who are open to forgiveness. For example, an individual who does not forgive his partner for fear that his partner might think that they are weak that can cause conflict. It is stated that the couple must know the following:
- Forgiveness requires
- Various forms of forgiveness
- The danger in communicating in forgiveness
- Perpetrators and victims have important different perceptive contexts
In addition, researchers think of ways to better help married couples in the future and suggest that they should explore the following:
- The importance of seeking forgiveness
- Self pardon
- The sacred role in marriage forgiveness
Relations are in the sentiment aspect of our lives; with our family at home and friends outside. Relationships interact in schools and universities, with colleagues and, with colleagues at work and in our diverse communities. In the article mentioned, the quality of this relationship determines the well-being of our individuals, how well we learn, grow and function, our sense of interconnection with others and the health of society.
In 2002, two innovators from Positive Psychology, Ed Diener and Martin Seligman, conducted research at the University of Illinois on the 10% of students with the highest scores recorded on the private happiness survey. What they found was the most prominent characteristic possessed by highly satisfied students and showed positive lifestyles were people who "have strong ties with friends and family and a commitment to spend time with them."
A study conducted in 2000, identified as a key study that took part and examined the two traits of relationships (friends and family) and at what age support switching is important from one to another. What the research shows is people who have good family relationships, they are able to do a more positive external relationship with friends. Through the relationship of family and friendship individual characters are built to forgive and learn from family experience. It just shows that to have a good foundation in early young age, will train the person to have better welfare with outside interaction.
In 2001, Charlotte van Wyvliet asked people to think about someone who had hurt, abused, or offended them. When they think to answer, he observes their reaction. He observed their blood pressure, heart rate, facial muscle tension, and sweat gland activity. To think of the old offense is to practice an unforgiving attitude. Interestingly enough, the results to remember the grudge of candidate's blood pressure and heart rate increased, and they sweated more. Reflecting on their frustration is very stressful, and the subject finds that contemplation is unpleasant. When they forgive forgiveness, their physical stimulation slips down. They do not show more anxiety reactions than produce normal consciousness.
In 2013, the study of self-forgiveness with spousal pardons has a better result for a healthier life by Pelucchi, Paleari, Regalia, and Fincham. This study investigates self-forgiveness for real pain committed against couples in romantic relationships (168 couples). For men and women, the wrong couple are more satisfied with their romantic relationship as long as they have more positive and less negative sentiments and thoughts about themselves. In research when looking at the victim's partner is more grateful to the relationship when the offending partner has negative sentiments and fewer thoughts towards themselves. This concludes that self-forgiveness when in a relationship has a positive impact on the offending and victimized partner.
Benefits Intervention
Both negative and positive influences play a role in the intervention of forgiveness. This is a general consensus among researchers in the field of psychology, that the overall purpose of the pardon intervention is to reduce the overall negative influence associated with the stimulus and increase the positive influence of the individual.
The disease model has been widely used in terms of therapy, but the incorporation of forgiveness into therapy has been lacking, and has been gradually gaining popularity in recent decades. More recent research has shown how the growth of forgiveness in psychology has spawned studies on the intervention of forgiveness.
Different Types
There are different forms of forgiveness intervention. One common adaptation used by researchers is when patients are forced to confront entities that prevent them from forgiving by using introspective techniques and revealing this to the therapist. Another popular forgiving intervention is to ask individuals to try and see things from the standpoint of the offender. The ultimate goal for this adaptation is for the individual to understand the reasoning behind the actor's actions. If they are able to do this then they may be able to forgive the offender more easily.
However, there is conflicting evidence of the effectiveness of forgiveness interventions.
Conflicting Evidence
Although research has taken into account the positive aspects of the intervention of forgiveness, there are also negative aspects that have been explored as well. Some researchers have taken a critical approach and are less receptive to the intervention of forgiveness to therapy.
Critics argue that a genuine forgiveness intervention can lead to an increase in negative influences as it tries to hamper individual personal feelings towards the offender. This can cause the individual to feel negative about himself. This approach categorizes the feelings of individuals by implying that the negative emotions felt by the individual are unacceptable and the feeling of forgiveness is the right and acceptable way to feel. It may inadvertently increase feelings of shame and regret in the individual.
Some researchers are also concerned that forgiveness interventions will improve unhealthy relationships. They fear that individuals with poisonous relations will continue to forgive those who continue to misbehave against them when in fact they should abstain from such people.
A number of studies have shown a high level of effectiveness in the intervention of forgiveness when performed continuously over long periods of time. Some researchers have found that this intervention has proved ineffective when done within a short span of time.
The Forgiveness Intervention: Children
There have been several studies in the last decade that outline some studies that have looked at the effectiveness of childhood forgiveness interventions. There are also several studies conducted on this cross-cultural study. One study exploring this relationship was a study conducted in 2009 by Eadaoin Hui and Tat Sing Chau. In this study, Hui and Chau looked at the relationship between the intervention of forgiveness and Chinese children who tend not to forgive those who have persecuted them. The findings of this study indicate that there is an effect of pardon intervention on young Chinese children.
Forgiveness and Health
Survey data from 2000 showed that 61% of participants who were part of a small religious group reported that the group helped them become more forgiving. Individuals report that their religious group that promotes forgiveness is linked to self-reports about success in overcoming addiction, guilt, and feel encouragement when feeling discouraged.
It is suggested that attention plays a role in forgiveness and health. Forgiveness of others has a positive effect on physical health when combined with consciousness but evidence shows that forgiveness only affects health as a function of attention.
A 2005 study stated that self-forgiveness is an important part of self-acceptance and mental health in the future. Inability to forgive oneself can harm mental health. For some elderly people, self-forgiveness requires reflection on offenses to avoid repeating mistakes, people are trying to learn from these violations to correct the true self-scheme. When individuals successfully learn from these offenses, they may experience improved mental health.
A study by 2015 looks at how self-forgiveness can reduce feelings of guilt and shame associated with hypersexual behavior. Hypersexual behavior can have negative effects on the individual by causing difficulties and life problems. Self-forgiveness can be a component that can help individuals reduce negative hypersexual behavior that causes problems.
Evidence suggests that self-forgiveness and delays may be related; self-forgiveness allows the individual to overcome the negative things associated with his previous behavior and engage in an approach-oriented behavior on the same task. Learning to forgive yourself for delay can be positive because it can increase self-esteem and can lead to positive mental health. Forgiving yourself to procrastinate can also reduce delays.
Forgiveness and Physical Health
The correlation between forgiveness and physical health is a concept that has recently gained traction in research. Some studies suggest that there is no correlation, either positive or negative between forgiveness and physical health, and others show a positive correlation.
Evidence to Support Correlation
Individuals with forgiveness as a personality trait have been shown to have better overall physical health. In a study of relationships, no matter whether a person is in a negative or positive relationship, their physical health appears to be affected at least by their level of forgiveness.
Individuals who make the decision to really forgive someone are also shown to have better physical health. This is because of the relationship between forgiveness and stress reduction. Forgiveness is considered as preventing poor physical health and managing poor physical health.
Especially individuals who choose to forgive others after the offense have lower blood pressure and lower cortisol levels than those who do not. This theorizes because of the direct and indirect effects of forgiveness, which show forgiveness as the nature of evolution. See Expanding and Building Theory.
The immediate effects include: Reducing hostility (which is inversely correlated with physical health), and the concept that no forgiveness can reduce the immune system therefore puts pressure on the individual. Indirect influences are more related to forgiveness as a personality trait and include: forgiving people may have more social support and less stress marriage, and forgiveness may be related to personality traits that correlate with physical health.
Forgiveness can also be correlated with physical health because hostilities are associated with poor coronary performance. Disrespect is hostility, and forgiveness as an act of unleashing hostility. Heart patients treated with therapy that include forgiveness to reduce hostility have improved cardiovascular health compared to those treated with medication alone.
Forgiveness can also lead to better physical health. This correlation applies to self-forgiveness and other forgiveness, but is especially true to self-forgiveness. Individuals who are better able to forgive themselves have better physical health.
Criticism
Study forgiveness has been refuted by critics who claim that there is no direct correlation between forgiveness and physical health. Forgiveness, due to the reduction of anger directed, contributes to mental health and mental health contributes to physical health, but there is no evidence that forgiveness directly improves physical health. Most studies on forgiveness can not isolate it as an independent variable in the well-being of the individual, making it difficult to prove cause and effect.
In addition, research on the correlation between physical health and forgiveness has been criticized for being too focused on unforgiveness. Research shows more about hostility and unforgiving attitudes that contribute to poor health than what shows what pardons are contributing to physical health.
Self-forgiveness
Self-pardon occurs in situations where an individual has done something that they deem to be morally wrong and they consider themselves responsible for the mistake. Self-forgiveness is to overcome negative emotions committed by the perpetrator with wrongdoing. Negative emotions associated with wrongdoing can include guilt, regret, regret, blame, shame, self-hatred and/or self-contempt.
Major events in life that include trauma can cause an individual to experience feelings of guilt or self-loathing. Humans have the ability to reflect on their behavior to determine if their actions are moral. In traumatized situations, people can choose to forgive themselves by allowing themselves to change and live a moral life. Forgiveness may be necessary in situations where individuals injure themselves or in situations where they hurt others.
Therapy Model
Individuals may inadvertently cause damage or attacks against one another in everyday life. It is important for individuals to be able to recognize when this happens, and in the process of change, have the ability to forgive themselves. Special research shows that the ability to really forgive yourself can be very beneficial to one's emotional and mental health. Research shows that the ability to forgive yourself for past offenses can lead to decreased negative emotional feelings such as shame and guilt, and can increase the use of more positive practices such as self-kindness and self-love. However, it has been shown that it is possible for the process of self-forgiveness to be misinterpreted and therefore not accurately resolved. This could potentially lead to an increase in feelings of regret or self-blame. In an effort to avoid this, and to increase the positive benefits associated with true self-forgiveness, certain therapeutic models of self-forgiveness have been recommended, which can be used to encourage genuine self-forgiveness of offenders. The proposed model has four key elements. These elements include responsibilities , remorse , recovery and updates .
- The therapeutic model shows responsibility as the first necessary step towards true self-forgiveness. Research suggests that to avoid negative emotional influences such as remorse or remorse, violators must first realize that they have hurt other individuals, and accept the responsibilities required for their actions.
- Once the individual accepts responsibility for their offense, it is natural for them to experience the feelings of regret or guilt. However, these feelings can be completely processed and expressed before the need for recovery.
- The recovery action enables the offending individual to make the necessary changes to the individual they have hurt.
- The last component in the self-forgiveness model is update . The offending individual can truly forgive himself for their past offenses and can engage in more positive and meaningful behaviors such as self-love and self-worth.
Despite the suggested model, research suggests that the process of self-forgiveness does not always apply to every individual. For example, individuals who do not actually cause others to hurt or make mistakes, but instead suffer from negative emotions such as self-hatred or self-pity, such as attack victims, may try to forgive themselves for the offenses they feel. However, this is not a necessary process for them to make changes. In addition, offenders who continue to offend other people when trying to forgive themselves for past offenses indicate a reluctance to actually complete the four stages needed to forgive themselves. Research shows that it is important to first collect exterior information about the perceived violations of individuals as well as their need and motivation to forgive themselves.
See also
- A Course in Miracles
- Anantarias-karma
- Clementia, the Roman forgiving goddess (and Eleos, her Greek counterpart)
- Valentines
- Regrets
- Ethics in religion
- Ho'oponopono
- A letter of reconciliation of the Polish bishops to the German bishops
- Sorry
- Regrets
- Relational violations
- Regrets
- Repentance
- Truth and Reconciliation Commission
- Unconditional love
Note
References
- Balancing the Judge's Scales with Forgiveness and Repentance , Randall J. Cecrle, 2007, ISBNÃ, 1-60266-041-7
- The Power of Forgiveness , Marcus G. 2011, Sapients.Net
- Radical Forgiveness: Creating Space for Miracles , Colin Tipping, 1997, ISBNÃ, 0-9704814-1-1
- Forgiving and Not Forgiving: Why Is Sometimes Better Not Forgiving , Jeanne Safer, 2000, ISBNÃ, 0-380-79471-3
- Forgiveness: Philosophical Exploration (Cambridge University Press, 2007), by Charles Griswold. ISBN 978-0-521-70351-2.
- Hein, David. "Only Regret: A Theology of Regret." The Anglican 33, no. 4 (October 2004): 5-6.
- Hein, David (2007). "Austin Farrer on Justification and Sanctification". The Anglican Digest . 49 (1): 51-54.
- Constant, David, Before Forgiveness: The Origin of Moral Ideas (Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010).
- Kramer, J. and Alstad D., The Master Papers: Masks of Authoritarian Power, 1993, ISBNÃ, 1-883319-00-5
- Lampert, K. (2005); The Compassionate Tradition: From Religious Duties to Social Activism. Palgrave-Macmillan; ISBNÃ, 1-4039-8527-8
- Fred Luskin, Ph.D. Forgive for good: Proven Recipe for Health and Happiness (Harper, 2002)
- Murphy, J. and Hampton, J. Forgiveness and Mercy (Cambridge University Press, 1988).
- Norlock, K. Forgiveness from a Feminist Perspective (Book of Lexington, 2009).
- Pettigrove, G. Forgiveness and Love
- Schmidt D. (2003); Prayer of Vengeance: Forgiveness in the Face of Injustice; ISBNÃ, 0-7814-3942-6
- Poisoned Parents: Overcoming Their Shattered Inheritance and Retake Your Life , Susan Forward, 1990.
- The Railway Man: The POW Account of War, Brutality, and Forgiveness , Eric Lomax,
External links
- Forgiveness in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Mindgarden.com The Enright Forgiveness Inventory for Research
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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